An outbreak of human metapneumovirus (HMPV) has been reported in parts of China, drawing international attention and concern about the potential of another pandemic.
The disease has been spreading in the northern Chinese regions, with a large number of infected patients being children. The country's Center for Disease Control (CDC) has already warned people to take precautions to prevent a further spread.
Several countries are already monitoring the virus and its spread. But how similar is HMPV to COVID-19? Should one worry about the possibility of another pandemic? Here's all you need to know.
What Is HMPV?
Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a common respiratory virus that causes infections in people of all ages, but it's especially prevalent in young children, older adults, and those with weakened immune systems.
HMPV belongs to the same family of viruses as respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and parainfluenza virus, and it typically spreads through close contact with infected individuals or by touching contaminated surfaces.
HMPV usually causes mild cold-like symptoms such as cough, runny nose, nasal congestion, sore throat, and fever. However, in some cases, particularly in vulnerable groups, it can lead to more severe lower respiratory tract infections like bronchiolitis, pneumonia or exacerbations of existing conditions like asthma or COPD.
The virus is most common during winter and early spring, with an incubation period of about 3 to 6 days.
Is HMPV a New Virus?
It was first discovered in 2001 in the Netherlands, but scientists believe it has been causing respiratory illnesses for at least 50 years worldwide. People have built up a level of immunity from past infections.
In comparison, COVID-19 was a new disease that had never infected humans before. This meant people had no immunity against COVID-19, which led to and drove the pandemic-level spread.
It is important to note that there is no specific antiviral treatment or vaccine for HMPV. Most people recover on their own with rest and supportive care.
Can HMPV Cause a New Pandemic?
Amid concerns over an outbreak of HMPV, health experts said there is nothing to be alarmed about the present situation.
"I don't think we're necessarily concerned about a pandemic with this virus, but the surge in cases and impact it's having are significant," Prof. Paul Griffin, director of infectious diseases at Mater Health Services in Brisbane, said, as quoted by The Guardian.
That said, health experts highly encourage people to follow prevention methods such as good hand hygiene, avoiding close contact with sick individuals, and keeping surfaces clean. They also recommend wearing a mask, especially when going into crowded places, to prevent an infection, especially for individuals at higher risk.
